Toluene | 108-88-3
Lintlha tsa Sehlahisoa:
| Lebitso la Sehlahiswa | Toluene |
| Thepa | mokelikeli o bonaletsang o se nang 'mala o monko o monate o tšoanang le benzene |
| Melting Point (°C) | -94.9 |
| Sebaka se belang (°C) | 110.6 |
| Tekano e amanang (Metsi=1) | 0.87 |
| Boima ba mouoane (moea=1) | 3.14 |
| Khatello ea mouoane (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Mocheso oa ho tuka (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Mocheso o matla (°C) | 318.6 |
| Khatello e matla (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Octanol/coefficient ea karohano ea metsi | 2.73 |
| Ntho e phatsimang (°C) | 4 |
| Thempereichara ea ho tima (°C) | 480 |
| Moeli oa ho phatloha ho holimo (%) | 7.1 |
| Moeli o tlase oa ho phatloha (%) | 1.1 |
| Solubility | Ie qhibilihang ka metsing, e tsoakana le benzene, joala, ether le lihlapolli tse ling tsa tlhaho. |
Thepa ea Sehlahisoa:
1.Oxidised ho benzoic acid ka li-oxidising agents tse matla tse kang potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate le nitric acid. Benzoic acid e boetse e fumanoa ka oxidation ka moea kapa oksijene ka pel'a mokelikeli. Benzaldehyde e fumanoa ka oxidation le manganese dioxide ka pel'a sulfuric acid ho 40 ° C kapa ka tlase. Karabelo ea phokotso e hlahisoang ke nickel kapa platinum e hlahisa methylcyclohexane. Toluene e kopana le li-halogen ho etsa toluene ea o- le para-halogenated ka ho sebelisa aluminium trichloride kapa ferric chloride e le li-catalyst. Ka tlas'a mocheso le khanya, e kopana le li-halogens ho etsa benzyl halide. Karabelo ka asiti ya nitric e hlahisa o- le para-nitrotoluene. Haeba nitrified ka li-acid tse tsoakiloeng (sulphuric acid + nitric acid) 2,4-dinitrotoluene e ka fumanoa; nitration e tsoelang pele e hlahisa 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation ea toluene ka concentrated sulfuric acid kapa fuming sulfuric acid e hlahisa o- le para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. Tlas'a ts'ebetso ea catalytic ea aluminium trichloride kapa boron trifluoride, toluene e fumana alkylation e nang le li-halogenated hydrocarbons, olefin, le joala ho fana ka motsoako oa alkyl toluene. Toluene e sebetsana le formaldehyde le hydrochloric acid ka chloromethylation reaction ho hlahisa o-kapa para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Botsitso: E tsitsitseng
3. Lintho tse thibetsoeng:Sli-oxidants tse matla, acid, halogens
4. Kotsi ea polymerization:E seng leqolymerization
Sesebelisoa sa Sehlahisoa:
1.E sebelisoa haholo e le mokelikeli oa lintho tse phelang le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa meriana ea maiketsetso, pente, resin, dyestuff, liqhomane le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
2.Toluene e ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho hlahisa benzene le lihlahisoa tse ling tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale. Joalo ka lipente, li-varnish, li-lacquers, li-adhesives le indasteri ea tlhahiso ea enke le tse tšesaane tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa metsi, li-solvents tsa resin; lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tse hlapollang. Hape ke thepa e tala bakeng sa motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale. E ka boela ea sebelisoa e le motsoako oa motsoako oa peterole ho eketsa octane, hape e le motsoako oa lipente, li-inks le nitrocellulose. Ho feta moo, toluene e na le ho qhibiliha ho hoholo ha lintho tse phelang, ke motsoako oa tlhaho o nang le mefuta e mengata ea tšebeliso. Toluene e bonolo ho chlorine, ho hlahisa benzene & mdash; chloromethane kapa benzene trichloromethane, ke solvents e ntle indastering; hape ho bonolo ho nitrate, ho hlahisa p-nitrotoluene kapa o-nitrotoluene, ke lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa lidae; e boetse e bonolo ho sulphonate, ho hlahisa o-toluenesulphonic acid kapa p-toluenesulphonic acid, ke lisebelisoa tse tala tsa ho etsa lidae kapa tlhahiso ea saccharine. Mouoane oa toluene o kopana le moea ho etsa lintho tse phatlohang, kahoo o ka etsa hore TST e be liqhomane.
3.Leaching agent bakeng sa metsoako ea limela. E sebelisoa ka bongata e le solvent le e le tlatsetso ho peterole e phahameng ea octane.
4.E sebelisoa e le reagent ea ho hlahloba, e kang li-solvents, li-extractions le ho arohana, li-reagents tsa chromatographic. E boetse e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho hloekisa, 'me e sebelisoa ho dae, linoko, benzoic acid le lintho tse ling tsa tlhaho.
5.E sebelisoa ha ho etsoa peterole ea doped le e le eona ntho e ka sehloohong e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa toluene, liqhomane, li-dae intermediates, lithethefatsi joalo-joalo.
Lintlha tsa polokelo ea Sehlahisoa:
1.E boloke sebakeng sa polokelo se pholileng, se nang le moea o pholileng.
2.Kena hole le mollo le mohloli oa mocheso.
3.Mocheso oa polokelo ha oa lokela ho feta 37°C.
4. Boloka setshelo se tiisitsoe.
5.E lokela ho bolokoa ka thoko ho li-oxidising agents, 'me ha ea lokela ho tsoakoa.
6.Sebelisa mabone a thibelang ho phatloha le lisebelisoa tsa moea.
7.Hanela tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa mechine le lisebelisoa tse bonolo ho hlahisa litlhase.
8.Sebaka sa polokelo se lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tsa phekolo ea tšohanyetso tse lutlang le lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa bolulo.
